9/27 Pg 142

- Just as the different vibrational patterns of a violin string give rise to different musical notes, the different vibrational patterns of a fundamental string give rise to different masses and force changes.
- Greater amplitude and shorter wavelength creates strings with greater energy.
- Special relativity tells us that greater energy means greater mass, therefore strings with more energy (more frantic vibrational patterns) have more mass. Heavier particles have strings that vibrate more frantically
- One vibrational string pattern matches perfectly with the properties of the graviton, ensuring gravity's importance in string theory.
- Unlike the standard model, string theory theorizes that everything is made of the same stuff. In the standard model, different particles where "cut from a different fabric." In string theory, different particles are just the same strings of energy vibrating differently
- Using mathematical descriptions we can theoretically "pluck" a string to observe different possible vibration patterns. Many string theorists believe that the math required for doing this was on the verge of being able to explain every detailed property of the universe on its most microscopic level.
- Fundamental strings have far greater tension than examples of strings that we are used to. The Planck tension is a thousand billion billion billion billion tons which is the proposed tension of the string of a graviton.
- A string with greater tension will have more energy than a string moving in the same way with less tension because more energy is required to set the first string in motion.
- The natural energy produced by elementary particles in string theory are multiples of Planck energy which is the massive amount of some ten billion billion times that of a proton.

9/28 Pg. 150

- Natural energy of a string is cancelled out by the negative energy of it, reducing its energy by about Planck energy, resulting in low energy vibrations.
- Mass of the top quark is about 189 times that of the proton – Question: How is this possible if quarks make up protons? Is it cancelled out by quantum uncertainty?

I spent 30 minutes thinking about one page. Yeah.